Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(2):314-324. doi:10.7150/ijms.51935 This issue Cite

Review

Perspective Adjunctive Therapies for COVID-19: Beyond Antiviral Therapy

Ping Ho1, Jing-Quan Zheng2,3,4, Chia-Chao Wu5, Yi-Chou Hou6, Wen-Chih Liu7, Chien-Lin Lu8, Cai-Mei Zheng9,10,11, Kuo-Cheng Lu12✉, You-Chen Chao13,14

1. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
2. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
4. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
5. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
6. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan.
7. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
8. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
9. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, 235 New Taipei City, Taiwan.
10. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.
11. Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.
12. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
13. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
14. School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.

Citation:
Ho P, Zheng JQ, Wu CC, Hou YC, Liu WC, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Lu KC, Chao YC. Perspective Adjunctive Therapies for COVID-19: Beyond Antiviral Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(2):314-324. doi:10.7150/ijms.51935. https://www.medsci.org/v18p0314.htm
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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the largest health crisis ever faced worldwide. It has resulted in great health and economic costs because no effective treatment is currently available. Since infected persons vary in presentation from healthy asymptomatic mild symptoms to those who need intensive care support and eventually succumb to the disease, this illness is considered to depend primarily on individual immunity. Demographic distribution and disease severity in several regions of the world vary; therefore, it is believed that natural inherent immunity provided through dietary sources and traditional medicines could play an important role in infection prevention and disease progression. People can boost their immunity to prevent them from infection after COVID-19 exposure and can reduce their inflammatory reactions to protect their organ deterioration in case suffering from the disease. Some drugs with in-situ immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity are also identified as adjunctive therapy in the COVID-19 era. This review discusses the importance of COVID-19 interactions with immune cells and inflammatory cells; and further emphasizes the possible pathways related with traditional herbs, medications and nutritional products. We believe that such pathophysiological pathway approach treatment is rational and important for future development of new therapeutic agents for prevention or cure of COVID-19 infection.

Keywords: COVID-19, traditional medicines, statins, melatonin, indomethacin, vitamins and minerals


Citation styles

APA
Ho, P., Zheng, J.Q., Wu, C.C., Hou, Y.C., Liu, W.C., Lu, C.L., Zheng, C.M., Lu, K.C., Chao, Y.C. (2021). Perspective Adjunctive Therapies for COVID-19: Beyond Antiviral Therapy. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(2), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.51935.

ACS
Ho, P.; Zheng, J.Q.; Wu, C.C.; Hou, Y.C.; Liu, W.C.; Lu, C.L.; Zheng, C.M.; Lu, K.C.; Chao, Y.C. Perspective Adjunctive Therapies for COVID-19: Beyond Antiviral Therapy. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2021, 18 (2), 314-324. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51935.

NLM
Ho P, Zheng JQ, Wu CC, Hou YC, Liu WC, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Lu KC, Chao YC. Perspective Adjunctive Therapies for COVID-19: Beyond Antiviral Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(2):314-324. doi:10.7150/ijms.51935. https://www.medsci.org/v18p0314.htm

CSE
Ho P, Zheng JQ, Wu CC, Hou YC, Liu WC, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Lu KC, Chao YC. 2021. Perspective Adjunctive Therapies for COVID-19: Beyond Antiviral Therapy. Int J Med Sci. 18(2):314-324.

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