ISSN: 1449-1907International Journal of Medical Sciences
Global reach, higher impact
Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(8):1786-1797. doi:10.7150/ijms.46811 This issue Cite
Research Paper
Efficacy and Safety of CAR-T Therapy for Relapse or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
1. Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
2. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
3. Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
4. Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
*These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable in spite of recent treatment improvements, highlighting the development of new therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has dramatically changed the therapeutic effectiveness in high-risk B-cell malignancies. For relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), preclinical evaluations of CAR-T therapy have shown promising efficacy, thus various active clinical trials are under way. Herein, we conducted this review to summarize efficacy and safety of CAR-T therapy and provide more evidence to guide clinical treatments.
Method: We systematically searched literature based on databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and conference abstracts reported from American Society of Hematology (ASH), European Hematology Association (EHA) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), in addition to other sources (www.clinicaltrials.gov, article citations). Data assessed efficacy and safety of CAR-T therapy in patients with RRMM were extracted and evaluated, and then systematically analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 (CMA 3.0).
Results: A total of 23 studies including 350 participants from different countries, diagnosed as RRMM and treated with CAR-T therapy (containing 7 antigens targeted by CARs) were combined. In summary, we discovered the pooled overall response rate (77%), complete response rate (37%) and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate within responders (78%). Furthermore, the pooled relapse rate of responders was 38% and median progression-free survival was 8 months. The pooled survival rate was 87% at last follow-up (median, 12 months). In addition, the pooled grade 3-4 rates of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic toxicities (NT) were 14% and 13%, respectively.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that CAR-T therapy has demonstrated efficacy and safety in RRMM patients. BCMA-targeted CAR-T and anti-BCMA contained regimen have shown better efficacy.
Keywords: RRMM, CARs, CAR-T therapy, antigens, BCMA, co-stimulatory domain, systematic review, meta-analysis
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