1. Pathology Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. 3. Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy. 4. Pathology Unit, Hospital S. Maria delle Croci, Azienda Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.
✉ Corresponding authors: Renato Franco; Pathology Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy. Email: RENATO.FRANCOit; renfrcom and Federica Zito Marino; Pathology Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy. Email: federicazito.marinoitMore
Citation:
Zito Marino F, Bianco R, Accardo M, Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Morgillo F, Rossi G, Franco R. Molecular heterogeneity in lung cancer: from mechanisms of origin to clinical implications. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16(7):981-989. doi:10.7150/ijms.34739. https://www.medsci.org/v16p0981.htm
Molecular heterogeneity is a frequent event in cancer responsible of several critical issues in diagnosis and treatment of oncologic patients. Lung tumours are characterized by high degree of molecular heterogeneity associated to different mechanisms of origin including genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic source. In this review, we provide an overview of recognized mechanisms underlying molecular heterogeneity in lung cancer, including epigenetic mechanisms, mutant allele specific imbalance, genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations, tumor mutational burden, somatic mutations. We focus on the role of spatial and temporal molecular heterogeneity involved in therapeutic implications in lung cancer patients.
Zito Marino, F., Bianco, R., Accardo, M., Ronchi, A., Cozzolino, I., Morgillo, F., Rossi, G., Franco, R. (2019). Molecular heterogeneity in lung cancer: from mechanisms of origin to clinical implications. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 16(7), 981-989. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.34739.
ACS
Zito Marino, F.; Bianco, R.; Accardo, M.; Ronchi, A.; Cozzolino, I.; Morgillo, F.; Rossi, G.; Franco, R. Molecular heterogeneity in lung cancer: from mechanisms of origin to clinical implications. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2019, 16 (7), 981-989. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34739.
NLM
Zito Marino F, Bianco R, Accardo M, Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Morgillo F, Rossi G, Franco R. Molecular heterogeneity in lung cancer: from mechanisms of origin to clinical implications. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16(7):981-989. doi:10.7150/ijms.34739. https://www.medsci.org/v16p0981.htm
CSE
Zito Marino F, Bianco R, Accardo M, Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Morgillo F, Rossi G, Franco R. 2019. Molecular heterogeneity in lung cancer: from mechanisms of origin to clinical implications. Int J Med Sci. 16(7):981-989.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
Global reach, higher impact
