Role of extracellular vesicles in osteosarcoma

Qifan Yang^1#, Jing Liu^2#, Bo Wu¹, Xinyu Wang¹, Ye Jiang¹, Dong Zhu^1✉

1. Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China.
2. The first clinical medical college of Bin Zhou Medical College, Street Huanghe 661, China.
#These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Citation:
Yang Q, Liu J, Wu B, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhu D. Role of extracellular vesicles in osteosarcoma. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19(8):1216-1226. doi:10.7150/ijms.74137. Available from https://www.medsci.org/v19p1216.htm

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor characterized by the direct production of osteoid tissue from tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix, which exist widely in various body fluids and cell supernatants, and stably carry some important signaling molecules. They are involved in cell communication, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumor cell growth. Increasing evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles play a significant role in osteosarcoma development, progression, and metastatic process, indicating that extracellular vesicles can be use as biomarker vehicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma. This review discusses the basic biological characteristics of extracellular vesicles and focuses on their application in osteosarcoma.

Keywords: osteosarcoma, extracellular vesicles, immune escape, chemotherapy resistance, microenvironment