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Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(8):1848-1856. doi:10.7150/ijms.55866 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions

Chi-I Chang1*, Shi-Yie Cheng2*, Annisa Oktafianti Nurlatifah1,3, Wei-Wen Sung1, Jing-Hong Tu1, Lin-Lee Lee4✉, Hsueh-Ling Cheng1✉

1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
2. Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
3. Department of Agroindustrial Biotechnology, Brawijaya University, Jalan, Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia.
4. Department of English, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan.
* These authors contributed to this work equally.

✉ Corresponding authors: Hsueh-Ling Cheng, Professor, E-mail: hlchengnpust.edu.tw; Fax: 886-8-774-0550; Phone: +886-8-7703202 ext. 518; Address: Room BT212, Biotechnology Hall, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shueh More

Citation:
Chang CI, Cheng SY, Nurlatifah AO, Sung WW, Tu JH, Lee LL, Cheng HL. Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(8):1848-1856. doi:10.7150/ijms.55866. https://www.medsci.org/v18p1848.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

The intestines have been recognized as important tissues for metabolic regulation, including glycemic control, but their vital role in promoting the anti-diabetic effects of bitter melon, the fruit of Momordica charantia L, has seldom been characterized, nor acknowledged. Evidence suggests that bitter melon constituents can have substantial interactions with the intestinal epithelial cells before circulating to other tissues. We therefore characterized the effects of bitter melon extract (BME) on intestinal epithelial cells. BME was found to contain substantial amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and triterpenoids. TNF-α induced insulin resistance in an enterocyte cell line of IEC-18 cells, and BME promoted glucose utilization of the insulin-resistant cells. Further analysis suggested that the increased glucose consumption was a result of the combined effects of insulin sensitizing and insulin substitution functions of BME. The functions of insulin substitution were likely generated due to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Meanwhile, BME acted as a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretagogue on enteroendocrine cells, which may be mediated by the activation of bitter-taste receptors. Therefore, BME possesses insulin sensitizing, insulin substitution, and GLP-1 secretagogue functions upon intestinal cells. These effects of BME on intestinal cells likely play a significant part in the anti-diabetic action of bitter melon.

Keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase, bitter-taste receptor, glucagon-like peptide 1, diabetes, intestine, Momordica charantia.

Citation styles

APA
Chang, C.I., Cheng, S.Y., Nurlatifah, A.O., Sung, W.W., Tu, J.H., Lee, L.L., Cheng, H.L. (2021). Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(8), 1848-1856. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.55866.

ACS
Chang, C.I.; Cheng, S.Y.; Nurlatifah, A.O.; Sung, W.W.; Tu, J.H.; Lee, L.L.; Cheng, H.L. Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2021, 18 (8), 1848-1856. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.55866.

NLM
Chang CI, Cheng SY, Nurlatifah AO, Sung WW, Tu JH, Lee LL, Cheng HL. Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18(8):1848-1856. doi:10.7150/ijms.55866. https://www.medsci.org/v18p1848.htm

CSE
Chang CI, Cheng SY, Nurlatifah AO, Sung WW, Tu JH, Lee LL, Cheng HL. 2021. Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions. Int J Med Sci. 18(8):1848-1856.

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