Int J Med Sci 2019; 16(1):135-144. doi:10.7150/ijms.29134 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Bilirubin Attenuates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation, Escalates Apoptosis and Reduces Proliferation in the LS174T Colonic Epithelial Cell Line

Rohit Gundamaraju1✉, Ravichandra Vemuri1, Wai Chin Chong1, Andrew Cameron Bulmer2, Rajaraman Eri1

1. School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
2. School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia

Citation:
Gundamaraju R, Vemuri R, Chong WC, Bulmer AC, Eri R. Bilirubin Attenuates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation, Escalates Apoptosis and Reduces Proliferation in the LS174T Colonic Epithelial Cell Line. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16(1):135-144. doi:10.7150/ijms.29134. https://www.medsci.org/v16p0135.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Mildly elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) concentrations are associated with protection against disease conditions underpinned by cellular and metabolic stress. To determine the potential therapeutic efficacy of UCB we tested it in an in vitro model of gut inflammation. Tunicamycin TUN (10 µg/mL) was used to induce endoplasmic reticular stress (ERS) affecting N-glycosylation in LS174T cells. Cultured cells were investigated with addition of UCB at doses 0.1, 1 and 10µM (resulting in bilirubin:albumin ratios of 0.325-0.003)against ER stress-mediated effects including inflammation, cell survival (determined by apoptosis) and proliferation. Gene expression of ER stress markers (Grp78, Perk, XBP1 and ATF6) were evaluated in addition to cytokine concentrations in media after six hours of treatment. We then verified the potential role of UCB in executing programmed cell death via PARP, Caspase3 and Annexin V assays and further explored cell proliferation using the Click-iT EdU assay. A dose of 10µM UCB most potently reduced tunicamycin-mediated effects on enhanced UPR markers, inflammatory cytokines and proliferation; however all the doses (i.e.0.1-10µM) reduced the expression of ER stress and inflammatory markers Grp78, NLRP3, IL1-b, XBP1, PERK and ATF6. Furthermore, media concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-4 and TNFα decreased and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased (P<0.05). A dose of 10µM UCB initiated intrinsic apoptosis via Caspase 3 and in addition reduced cellular proliferation. Collectively, these data indicate that co treatment with UCB resulted in reducing ER stress response to TUN in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, reduced the subsequent inflammatory response, induced cancer cell death and decreased cellular proliferation. These data suggest that mildly elevated circulating or enteric UCB might protect against gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.

Keywords: ER stress, colon cancer, inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis


Citation styles

APA
Gundamaraju, R., Vemuri, R., Chong, W.C., Bulmer, A.C., Eri, R. (2019). Bilirubin Attenuates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation, Escalates Apoptosis and Reduces Proliferation in the LS174T Colonic Epithelial Cell Line. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 16(1), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.29134.

ACS
Gundamaraju, R.; Vemuri, R.; Chong, W.C.; Bulmer, A.C.; Eri, R. Bilirubin Attenuates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation, Escalates Apoptosis and Reduces Proliferation in the LS174T Colonic Epithelial Cell Line. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2019, 16 (1), 135-144. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29134.

NLM
Gundamaraju R, Vemuri R, Chong WC, Bulmer AC, Eri R. Bilirubin Attenuates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation, Escalates Apoptosis and Reduces Proliferation in the LS174T Colonic Epithelial Cell Line. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16(1):135-144. doi:10.7150/ijms.29134. https://www.medsci.org/v16p0135.htm

CSE
Gundamaraju R, Vemuri R, Chong WC, Bulmer AC, Eri R. 2019. Bilirubin Attenuates ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation, Escalates Apoptosis and Reduces Proliferation in the LS174T Colonic Epithelial Cell Line. Int J Med Sci. 16(1):135-144.

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