Int J Med Sci 2013; 10(10):1412-1421. doi:10.7150/ijms.5630 This issue Cite

Review

The Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of HIF-1α Pathway Signaling in Hyperglycemia and the Beneficial Effects of Certain Therapies

Haijuan Xiao1, Zhenyang Gu2, Guoxing Wang3, Tongfeng Zhao1✉

1. Department of Endocrinology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
2. Department of Hematology, Division of internal medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
3. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, China.

Citation:
Xiao H, Gu Z, Wang G, Zhao T. The Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of HIF-1α Pathway Signaling in Hyperglycemia and the Beneficial Effects of Certain Therapies. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10(10):1412-1421. doi:10.7150/ijms.5630. https://www.medsci.org/v10p1412.htm
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Abstract

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), an essential transcription factor which mediates the adaptation of cells to low oxygen tensions, is regulated precisely by hypoxia and hyperglycemia, which are major determinants of the chronic complications associated with diabetes. The process of HIF-1α stabilization by hypoxia is clear; however, the mechanisms underlying the potential deleterious effect of hyperglycemia on HIF-1α are still controversial, despite reports of a variety of studies demonstrating the existence of this phenomenon. In fact, HIF-1α and glucose can sometimes influence each other: HIF-1α induces the expression of glycolytic enzymes and glucose metabolism affects HIF-1α accumulation in some cells. Although hyperglycemia upregulates HIF-1α signaling in some specific cell types, we emphasize the inhibition of HIF-1α by high glucose in this review. With regard to the mechanisms of HIF-1α impairment, the role of methylglyoxal in impairment of HIF-1α stabilization and transactivation ability and the negative effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on HIF-1α are discussed. Other explanations for the inhibition of HIF-1α by high glucose exist: the increased sensitivity of HIF-1α to Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) machinery, the role of osmolarity and proteasome activity, and the participation of several molecules. This review aims to summarize several important developments regarding these mechanisms and to discuss potentially effective therapeutic techniques (antioxidants eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and metallothioneins (MTs), pharmaceuticals cobalt chloride (CoCl2), dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), desferrioxamine (DFO) and gene transfer of constitutively active forms of HIF-1α) and their mechanisms of action for intervention in the chronic complications in diabetes.

Keywords: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), Hyperglycemia, Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), Methylglyoxal (MGO), Reactive oxidative species (ROS), Therapy.


Citation styles

APA
Xiao, H., Gu, Z., Wang, G., Zhao, T. (2013). The Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of HIF-1α Pathway Signaling in Hyperglycemia and the Beneficial Effects of Certain Therapies. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(10), 1412-1421. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.5630.

ACS
Xiao, H.; Gu, Z.; Wang, G.; Zhao, T. The Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of HIF-1α Pathway Signaling in Hyperglycemia and the Beneficial Effects of Certain Therapies. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2013, 10 (10), 1412-1421. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5630.

NLM
Xiao H, Gu Z, Wang G, Zhao T. The Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of HIF-1α Pathway Signaling in Hyperglycemia and the Beneficial Effects of Certain Therapies. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10(10):1412-1421. doi:10.7150/ijms.5630. https://www.medsci.org/v10p1412.htm

CSE
Xiao H, Gu Z, Wang G, Zhao T. 2013. The Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Impairment of HIF-1α Pathway Signaling in Hyperglycemia and the Beneficial Effects of Certain Therapies. Int J Med Sci. 10(10):1412-1421.

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